Y0063英语引导词的省略与否
在英语语法中,引导词(连接词)作宾语时的省略主要发生在宾语从句和定语从句中。
简单来说,当这个引导词在从句中不担任任何实际成分(如主语、宾语),或者虽然担任宾语但不会造成歧义时,通常可以省略。
以下是具体的省略情况分析:
1. 宾语从句中的省略
这种情况主要针对引导词 that。
- 普遍规则: 当
that引导宾语从句,且在从句中不担任任何句子成分(即它只是个连接符号,没有实际含义),通常可以省略。- 例句: I think (that) you are right.
- 分析:
that只是连接了“I think”和“you are right”,它在从句“you are right”中不做主语也不做宾语,所以可以省略。
- 特殊情况(不可省略): 虽然
that作连接词时通常可省,但在以下情况中为了句子清晰或语法正确,一般不省略:- 多个并列从句时:第一个
that可省,但之后的that最好保留,否则句子会显得断裂。- He said (that) he was tired and that he wanted to rest.
- 介词后:当宾语从句紧跟在介词(如
except,but,in)后面时。- I know nothing about him except that he lives next door.
- 主句谓语与从句之间有插入语:
- I believe, to be honest, that he is innocent.
- 形式宾语
it结构中:- I think it strange that he didn’t come.
- 多个并列从句时:第一个
2. 定语从句中的省略
这种情况主要针对关系代词(that, which, who, whom)。
- 核心规则: 当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,可以省略。
- 例句: The book (that/which) I bought yesterday is interesting.
- 分析: 先行词是
The book,在从句中,I bought [the book],关系代词指代the book且是动词bought的宾语,所以可以省略。
- 限制条件(不可省略):
- 作主语时:如果关系代词在从句中是主语,绝对不能省略。
- The man who is talking to Mary is my teacher. (不可省)
- 介词提前时:当介词放在关系代词前面时(
介词 + which/whom),不能省略。- The house in which I lived is gone. (不可省,且不能用 that)
- 非限制性定语从句中:用逗号隔开的定语从句,引导词不能省略。
- My car, which I bought last year, is very reliable. (不可省)
- 作主语时:如果关系代词在从句中是主语,绝对不能省略。
3. 特殊情况:The Way 结构
这是一个比较地道的用法。当先行词是 the way(方式、方法),且后面跟的是 that 或 in which 引导的定语从句时,引导词常可省略。
- 例句: I don’t like the way (that/in which) you speak to me.
- 分析: 这里的
that或in which在从句中通常作方式状语,口语中经常直接省略。
总结速查表
| 从句类型 | 引导词类型 | 作什么成分 | 是否可省略 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 宾语从句 | That | 连接词 (无实义) | 通常可省 | I know (that) he came. |
| 定语从句 | That/Which/Whom | 宾语 | 通常可省 | The pen (that) I lost. |
| 定语从句 | That/Which/Who | 主语 | ❌ 不可省 | The man who helped me. |
| 特殊结构 | That/In which | 方式状语 | 通常可省 | The way (that) he did it. |


