Y0062英语的引导词分析
引导词按照从句类型和语法功能梳理一遍。
1. 引导名词性从句(充当名词的角色)
这类从句在句子里可以当主语、宾语或表语。
A. 连接代词 (Connecting Pronouns)
这些词本身在从句中要充当成分(主语、宾语、定语等)。
- Who / Whom / Whose: 指人。
- I don’t know who did it. (宾语从句,who 在从句中作主语)。
- What: 指事物/事情。
- Tell me what you want. (宾语从句,what 在从句中作 want 的宾语)。
- Which: 表示在有限范围内的“哪一个”。
- Can you tell me which road we should take?
B. 连接副词 (Connecting Adverbs)
这些词本身在从句中作状语(表示时间、地点、原因、方式等)。
- When: 表示时间。
- I remember when this happened. (我记得这件事发生的时间)。
- Where: 表示地点。
- He didn’t say where he was going. (他没说他要去哪儿)。
- Why: 表示原因。
- That’s why I left early. (那就是我早退的原因)。
- How: 表示方式或程度。
- She asked how I fixed the computer. (她问我我是怎么修好电脑的)。
C. 连词 “That” (The Subordinator)
- That: 这是一个非常重要的引导词,它本身没有实际意思,也不作句子成分,只起连接作用。
- I believe that he is honest. (宾语从句)
- The fact is that we lost. (表语从句)
2. 引导定语从句(充当形容词的角色,修饰名词)
这类词紧跟在名词(先行词)后面,用来修饰这个名词。
A. 关系代词 (Relative Pronouns)
- Who: 指人,在从句中作主语。
- The man who is standing there is my teacher.
- Whom: 指人,在从句中作宾语(口语中常省略或用 who 代替)。
- The girl whom I met yesterday…
- Which: 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
- This is the book which I bought.
- That: 指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
- The car that was stolen has been found.
- Whose: 表示所属关系(人或物)。
- I know a boy whose father is a doctor.
B. 关系副词 (Relative Adverbs)
- When: 指时间,在从句中作时间状语。
- I’ll never forget the day when we met.
- Where: 指地点,在从句中作地点状语。
- This is the place where I was born.
- Why: 指原因,在从句中作原因状语(通常只修饰 reason)。
- That’s the reason why I’m late.
3. 引导状语从句(充当副词的角色,修饰动词/句子)
这类词主要表示逻辑关系,如时间、原因、条件、让步等。
- 时间状语从句:When, While, As, Before, After, Until, Since, As soon as.
- I was cooking when the phone rang.
- 原因状语从句:Because, Since, As, Now that.
- He was late because he missed the bus.
- 条件状语从句:If, Unless, As long as, Provided that.
- You will fail unless you work hard. (unless = if not)
- 让步状语从句:Although, Though, Even though, While, No matter + 疑问词.
- Although it was raining, we went out.
- 目的状语从句:So that, In order that.
- Speak clearly so that they can understand you.
- 结果状语从句:So…that, Such…that.
- He is so tired that he can’t walk.
- 地点状语从句:Where, Wherever.
- You can sit where you like.
引导词速查表
| 从句类型 | 常见引导词 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 名词性从句 | That, if, whether, what, who, when, where, how, why | I know what he said. |
| 定语从句 | Who, whom, whose, which, that, when, where, why | The book that you gave me… |
| 状语从句 | When, because, if, although, so that, where | I’ll call you when I arrive. |
特别提示:一词多职
你会发现像 what, when, where, how 这些词非常“万能”。它们既可以是疑问词(用来提问),也可以是连接词(用来引导从句),还可以是关系词(用来引导定语从句)。
- 疑问: Where are you going? (你要去哪儿?)
- 连接(名词性从句): I know where you are going. (我知道你要去哪儿。)
- 关系(定语从句): This is the city where I was born. (这就是我出生的城市。)


