Y0062英语的引导词分析

作者: 亮光 分类: 英语学习 发布时间: 2026-01-05 浏览:11

引导词按照从句类型语法功能梳理一遍。

1. 引导名词性从句(充当名词的角色)

这类从句在句子里可以当主语、宾语或表语。

A. 连接代词 (Connecting Pronouns)

这些词本身在从句中要充当成分(主语、宾语、定语等)。

  • Who / Whom / Whose: 指人。
    • I don’t know who did it. (宾语从句,who 在从句中作主语)。
  • What: 指事物/事情。
    • Tell me what you want. (宾语从句,what 在从句中作 want 的宾语)。
  • Which: 表示在有限范围内的“哪一个”。
    • Can you tell me which road we should take?

B. 连接副词 (Connecting Adverbs)

这些词本身在从句中作状语(表示时间、地点、原因、方式等)。

  • When: 表示时间。
    • I remember when this happened. (我记得这件事发生的时间)。
  • Where: 表示地点。
    • He didn’t say where he was going. (他没说他要去哪儿)。
  • Why: 表示原因。
    • That’s why I left early. (那就是我早退的原因)。
  • How: 表示方式或程度。
    • She asked how I fixed the computer. (她问我我是怎么修好电脑的)。

C. 连词 “That” (The Subordinator)

  • That: 这是一个非常重要的引导词,它本身没有实际意思,也不作句子成分,只起连接作用。
    • I believe that he is honest. (宾语从句)
    • The fact is that we lost. (表语从句)

2. 引导定语从句(充当形容词的角色,修饰名词)

这类词紧跟在名词(先行词)后面,用来修饰这个名词。

A. 关系代词 (Relative Pronouns)

  • Who: 指人,在从句中作主语。
    • The man who is standing there is my teacher.
  • Whom: 指人,在从句中作宾语(口语中常省略或用 who 代替)。
    • The girl whom I met yesterday…
  • Which: 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
    • This is the book which I bought.
  • That: 指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
    • The car that was stolen has been found.
  • Whose: 表示所属关系(人或物)。
    • I know a boy whose father is a doctor.

B. 关系副词 (Relative Adverbs)

  • When: 指时间,在从句中作时间状语。
    • I’ll never forget the day when we met.
  • Where: 指地点,在从句中作地点状语。
    • This is the place where I was born.
  • Why: 指原因,在从句中作原因状语(通常只修饰 reason)。
    • That’s the reason why I’m late.

3. 引导状语从句(充当副词的角色,修饰动词/句子)

这类词主要表示逻辑关系,如时间、原因、条件、让步等。

  • 时间状语从句:When, While, As, Before, After, Until, Since, As soon as.
    • I was cooking when the phone rang.
  • 原因状语从句:Because, Since, As, Now that.
    • He was late because he missed the bus.
  • 条件状语从句:If, Unless, As long as, Provided that.
    • You will fail unless you work hard. (unless = if not)
  • 让步状语从句:Although, Though, Even though, While, No matter + 疑问词.
    • Although it was raining, we went out.
  • 目的状语从句:So that, In order that.
    • Speak clearly so that they can understand you.
  • 结果状语从句:So…that, Such…that.
    • He is so tired that he can’t walk.
  • 地点状语从句:Where, Wherever.
    • You can sit where you like.

引导词速查表

从句类型常见引导词例子
名词性从句That, if, whether, what, who, when, where, how, whyI know what he said.
定语从句Who, whom, whose, which, that, when, where, whyThe book that you gave me…
状语从句When, because, if, although, so that, whereI’ll call you when I arrive.

特别提示:一词多职

你会发现像 what, when, where, how 这些词非常“万能”。它们既可以是疑问词(用来提问),也可以是连接词(用来引导从句),还可以是关系词(用来引导定语从句)。

  • 疑问: Where are you going? (你要去哪儿?)
  • 连接(名词性从句): I know where you are going. (我知道你要去哪儿。)
  • 关系(定语从句): This is the city where I was born. (这就是我出生的城市。)

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